Indian Polity(M. Laxmikanth) Free Notes 1

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 Indian Polity(M.Laxmikanth) Free Notes 1-

                                            Making of   the Constitution 


  • It was in 1934 that the idea of a constituent assembly for India was put forward for the first time by M.N Roy(pioneer of communist movement in India).
  • In 1935,INC(Indian National Congress), for the first time officially demanded a constituent assembly to frame the Constitution of India.
  • The constituent assembly was constituted in November,1946 under the scheme formulated by the cabinet mission plan.
  • Total strength of the constituent assembly was to be 389. Of these ,296 seats were allotted to British India and 93 seats to princely states.
  • The election to the Constitution assembly for 296 seats(allotted to British East Indian provinces) were held in july-august,1946.INC won 208 seats, Muslim League 73 seats and small groups and independents get 15 seats.
  • The constituent assembly held its first meeting on December 9,1946.
        Muslim League boycotted the meeting  and insisted on separate state of Pakistan.
       The meeting was attended by 211 members.
       Dr.Sachchidananda Sinha,the oldest member,was elected as the temporary president of the assembly,following the french practice.Later,Dr.Rajendraprasad was elected as the President of the Assembly.
  • On December 13,1946,Jawharlal Nehru moved the historic "Objective Resolution" in Assembly. 
                 The resolution unanimously adopted by the Assembly on January 22,1947.Its modified version forms the Preamble of the Indian Constitution.  
  • The constituent Assembly had 11 sessions over 2 years,11months and 18 days.
  • The constitution makers had gone through the constitutions of about 60 countries.
  • The total expenditure incurred on making the constitution amounted to 64 lakhs. 
  • On January 24,1950 the Constituent Assembly held its final session.
  • The first general election of India (1951-52).
  • The Constitution was adopted on November 26,1949,contained a Preamble,395 Articles and 8 Schedules. 
  • The constitution came to force on  26th January,1950. 
  • DRAFTING COMMITTEE:- 
SET UP:- August 29,1947
CHAIRMAN:- Dr.B.R Ambedkar
FIRST DRAFT PUBLISHED:-  February,1948
SECOND DRAFT PUBLISHED:- October,1948
TIME TAKEN:- The people of India were given 8 months to discuss the draft. The drafting committee takes less than six months to prepare the draft and it all sat only for 141 days.

Dr.B.R Ambedkar(Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar):-
  • Chairman Of Drafting Committee.
  • Minister of Law and Justice in the first cabinet of Jawharlal Nehru.
  • 1st Minister of law and Justice.
  • Member of the Constituent Assembly of India.
  • In 1990 he was awarded with Bharat Ratna.
  • The salutation Jai Bhim(Hail Bhim) used by the followers honours him.
  • known as- 1.Babasaheb,2.Modern Manu,3.Father of the constitution of India,4.Chief Architect of constitution of India.

More Important Facts:-
  1. It rectified the India's membership of the commonwealth in May,1949.
  2. It adopted the national flag on July 22,1947.
  3. It adopted the national song on January 24,1950.
  4. It adopted the national anthem on January 24,1950.
  5. It elected Dr.Rajendraprasad as the first President of India on January 24,1950.
  6. Elephant was adopted as the symbol(seal)of the Constituent Assembly.
  7. Sir B.N Rau was appointed as the constitutional advisor(Legal Advisor) to the constituent Assembly.
  8. H.V.R Iyengar was the Secretary to the Constituent assembly.
  9. S.N Mukherjee was the chief draftsman of the constitution in the  Constituent Assembly.
  10. Prem Bihari Narain Raizada was the calligrapher of the Indian constitution. The original constitution was hand-written by him in a flowing Italic style.
  11. The original version was beautified and decorated by artist from Shantiniketan including Nand Lal Bose and Beohar Rammanohar Sinha.
  12. Beohar Rammanohar Sinha illuminated, beautified and ornamented the original Preamble calligraphed by  Prem Bihari Narain Raizada.
  13. The calligraphy of Hindi version of the original constitution was done by Vasant Krishan Vaidya and elegantly decorated and illuminated by Nand Lal Bose.
Time taken by the Framers of other Constitution:-

1. U.S.A- Less than 4 months.(7 Articles)
2. Canada- about 2 years and 6 months. (147 Articles)
3. Australia- about 9 years ( 128 Articles)
4. South Africa- 1 year (153 Articles).




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